Swiss Re Institute has warned that Europe faces a chronic heat risk as the continent endures its fifth heat wave of the year, with temperatures rising nearly twice as fast as the global average.
Record heat exposes Europe's vulnerability
The research arm of Swiss Re AG said on Tuesday that record-breaking temperatures are battering a continent less equipped to deal with the shock than other parts of the world. Only about 20 per cent of European households have air conditioning, compared with 76 per cent in North America.
That gap has implications for everything from human health to economic productivity, the institute said. Europe is now struggling to cope with temperatures that reduce agricultural productivity, strain water and energy systems, damage infrastructure and lower labour productivity.
Continent heating twice as fast as global average
The continent is heating up almost twice as fast as the rest of the world, a development the institute warns can have severe consequences. The comments follow a report last month by Munich Re AG, which warned of the dangerous mix posed by El Niño and global warming.
The two firms' analyses fit into a developing picture in which the insurance industry finds itself bracing for a new era of risk brought on by relentless temperature rises that are disrupting weather patterns.
Drought hits English harvests and Rhine transport
Extreme heat has now left most of England gripped by drought conditions that are impacting harvests. Elsewhere in Europe, rivers crucial to transporting key commodities are drying up.
Oxford Economics said in a note on Tuesday that low water levels in Germany's Rhine River have left chemical, metal and construction firms most at risk as supplies are disrupted. The development also implies higher inflation, while nuclear and hydro power are being adversely affected by hot rivers, leading natural gas to set electricity prices, said Oliver Rakau, chief Germany economist at the researcher.
Wildfire costs mount across southern Europe
Though Europe's wildfire risk is still considered moderate, the increase in fire activity warrants closer attention, the institute said. As heat in Europe increases, wildfire-conducive conditions are likely to become more frequent.
Fires in France, Spain and Greece have caused as much as €19.1 billion ($22 billion) in total damage and economic loss this summer, according to a preliminary estimate by AccuWeather. Heat and drought will continue to keep Europe's wildfire risk elevated into the autumn, the weather-tracking firm said.
Europe's recent wildfires highlight how hotter and drier conditions are making large wildfires more likely, and with more homes, businesses and infrastructure built in risk-exposed areas also more costly.
Balz Grollimund, head of catastrophe perils at Swiss Re, said in a statement.
Insured losses below trend but long-term rise intact
The warning comes despite a decline in insured losses tied to natural catastrophes in the first half of 2026. Swiss Re Institute puts the figure at $42 billion, well below the long-term trend. The most destructive event was the Venezuela earthquakes in which more than 5,000 people died.
Severe convective storms, such as thunderstorms, hail and tornadoes, generated smaller first-half losses than in previous years. However, the institute said the relatively low insured losses were not a result of subdued storm activity. It also warned that a quiet first half is not necessarily indicative of below-average annual losses, adding that the long-term upward trend in insured losses is intact.
Adaptation and wildfire risk top insurer agenda
A key risk for insurers to focus on now is how the world, and Europe in particular, adapts to rising temperatures, with wildfire risk a particular concern. Europe's extensive wildland-urban interface zones mean that a severe fire near densely populated areas could still generate substantial economic losses, the institute said.